Ethereum seed words

Just like your Reddit account has a username public and password private , so does your Ethereum account. See the Keystore File section. Address "Public Key" You use this to send funds to an account. In Ethereum, the address begins with 0x.

You can derive a public key from a private key, but cannot derive a private key from a public key. Advanced In Ethereum, the address "acts" like the public key, but it's not actually the public key. Advanced In Ethereum, the public key is derived from the private key and is hex characters.

You then take the "SHA3" Keccak hash of this 64 characters , take the last 40 characters, and prefix with 0x, give you your character address. Private Key You use this to send funds from an account. A string of 64 hexadecimal characters. Almost every string of 64 hexadecimal characters is a private key.

If you hand-type a private key differently today than yesterday, you will access a different wallet. Never hand type your private key. This is the string you need to send from your account. Without it you cannot access your funds. Your original source of random data or entropy plus the SHA checksum is divisible by The BIP39 word list contains words, and each word on the list maps to 11 bits of data.

It is important that you slice the bit chunks in sequential order. This means going from left to right, every 11 bits is grouped together. Every 11 bits represents a word in your seed phrase, and the order of the words has to be correct. The next step is to convert your bit sequence into decimal format. This will give you a number that maps to the BIP39 word list.

Now, in the correct order, map each bit sequence to the matching word in the BIP39 word list. Finally, this is your seed phrase! It's important to highlight that some word lists for BIP39 might start with 1. In code, the first number is always 0. This means that words are listed as , not If your BIP39 word list starts with 1 instead of 0, you will need to subtract 1 from the word list numbers to get the correct word.

Going back to generating your initial source of randomness: Once you generate the needed entropy, the remaining process of getting the seed phrase is simply math and cryptography. In practice, this means that when generating a seed phrase, the initial source of entropy is both the most important step, and also the step in which you have the most control over the result.

There are many ways to generate entropy: flipping a coin, rolling dice, dealing a deck of cards, recording ambient sound, and many more. The goal here is to get as close to true randomness as possible. If you are using a process that is not sufficiently random, an attacker can recreate your seed phrase. In the following sections of this article, we will cover different approaches for how to generate entropy, and thus generate your seed phrase.

What are the security considerations of generating your own seed phrase? Taking control over the generation of your seed phrase provides the ability to increase the entropy of your seed phrase, thus increasing the security of your entire wallet. This does not come without risks - a single mistake can result in a less secure wallet, even lost funds. When generating your own seed phrase, security must be top of mind throughout the whole process.

The most crucial part of generating your seed phrase rests with the generation of entropy, which is the first step of generating your seed phrase. Your seed phrase can have 12, 15, 18, 21, or 24 words. The more words in your seed phrase, the higher the entropy, which means higher security.

A correctly generated word seed phrase will ALWAYS produce a wallet that is more secure than a 12 word seed phrase. Many wallets today only produce word seed phrases in their built-in wallet creation workflow, but it's important to note that word seed phrases are still very secure.

The only parameter that can be changed is the source of entropy. This is very important because if the source of entropy is corrupted, an attacker can potentially regenerate your wallet and steal your funds. Generating entropy can be done manually or with a computer.

Both methods have pros and cons. When generating entropy, care has to be taken to ensure the process is being done correctly and is free from outside manipulation. A basic example of manually generating entropy would be flipping a coin. In this example, if an attacker gives you a coin that is weighted slightly in favor of heads, your initial source of entropy will have been corrupted. When using a computer to generate entropy, the attack vectors or corruption attempts can be both over the internet and physically in-person.

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This includes retrieving individual transactions, activity associated with specific addresses and information about the network. Valid blocks are added to the end of the chain and propagated to others on the network. Invalid blocks are disregarded. The integrity of the blockchain is crypto-economically secured using a proof-of-stake-based consensus mechanism.

What is a blockchain? The endpoints of these nodes are recorded in the Ethereum source code. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecode is expressed in numeric format. Byzantium fork The first of two hard forks for the Metropolis development stage.

The first slot in each epoch is a checkpoint. When a supermajority of validators attests to the link between two checkpoints, they can be justified and then when another checkpoint is justified on top, they can be finalized. Compiling Smart Contracts committee A group of at least validators assigned to validate blocks in each slot. One of the validators in the committee is the aggregator, responsible for aggregating the signatures of all other validators in the committee that agree on an attestation.

Not to be confused with sync committee. Not to be confused with consensus rules. This is done by execution clients. Not to be confused with consensus. Constantinople fork The second part of the Metropolis stage, originally planned for mid This is commonly seen in older Ethereum literature but is used less often today.

It is a data structure composed of nodes and links between them. Dapp Decentralized application. At a minimum, it is a smart contract and a web user interface. More broadly, a dapp is a web application that is built on top of open, decentralized, peer-to-peer infrastructure services. Introduction to dapps data availability The property of a state that any node connected to the network could download any specific part of the state that they wish to. DAO may also refer to a contract named "The DAO" launched on April 30, , which was then hacked in June ; this ultimately motivated a hard fork codenamed DAO at block 1,,, which reversed the hacked DAO contract and caused Ethereum and Ethereum Classic to split into two competing systems.

Generating less than 12 words is easy to guess and less secure. You may input a present BIP39 mnemonic, or generate a brand new random one. Typing your own twelve words will possibly no longer work as you assume because the words require a particular structure the final phrase contains a checksum. For more info, see the BIP39 spec. The seed phrase is a series of words produced by your crypto wallet that give you access to the crypto associated with that wallet.

Think of a wallet like a crypto password manager, and a seed phrase like a master password. As long as you have your seed sentence, you will be able to access every crypto associated with the wallet that produced the sentence — even if you lose or delete the wallet. How does the seed phrase work? When you create a crypto wallet, the seed phrase is automatically generated. The seed phrase represents a long series of random numbers — and your wallet uses it to generate secret keys that allow you to send and use your crypto.

The reason the phrase given to you is in the form of words rather than a long series of random numbers is that people are better at remembering and interacting with word order. But you should not rely on your memory to preserve the phrases of your seed. What are the best alternatives? See the section on protecting your seed phrases below. Each seed phrase is removed from a list of 2, simple words. The standard also makes great wallets work: if you want to change wallets, you just need to put your seed phrase in a new wallet and your crypto will be found there.

If you lose or remove a wallet, you can also recycle it using your seed phrase. Keeping your seed phrase safe from hackers, in the event of a crime of identity theft, or just a simple loss is crucial.

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The best way to store you seed recover phrase is with a Billfodl which you can purchase by clicking on the picture below. If you would prefer to store numbers instead of letters, you can save the 4 numbers that correspond with each word from to In case you ever need to see what your number stands for or what your four letters are really representing, here is a complete list for your access. If you need help, you should never send your words or numbers to a 3rd party.

You would be best to figure it out yourself or work with a trusted friend. We are also happy to help if you ever run into a problem. Monero uses a 25 word seed phrase, but it can be converted back and forth to a 24 word phrase. This allows you to use a hardware wallet like a ledger with Monero. If you have lost your recovery key, and you think you might have it on your computer or in an email somewhere, you can search your computer for these words.

If you are able to find any of them, it is worth exploring the document and seeing if you might have used it to write down the other Never hand type your private key. This is the string you need to send from your account. Without it you cannot access your funds. Although, you don't need to save this raw, unencrypted private key in this format. You can saving the fancy versions of it e. Example: afdfd9c3deff6cedcae59e72dcde2aba4f Keystore File Encrypted version of your private key in JSON format though it does not have a JSON extension A fancy version of your private key that is protected by a password of your choosing.

When combined with the password, it has the private key. Safer than a private key because you need the password. A typically 12 or 24 word phrase that allows you to access infinite number of accounts. The accounts you can access with this phrase are determined by the "path".

Example words: brain surround have swap horror body response double fire dumb bring hazard Example words: card enrich gesture connect kick topple fan body blind engine lemon swarm venue praise addict agent unaware equal bean sing govern income link leg Hardware Wallet: Typically, a single-purpose device that "holds" your private key s , ensuring your private keys are safe.

Typically, they use a word phrase. This phrase you should write down not on your computer and store separately from your hardware wallet. Never type the word-phrase on your computer. It defeats the purpose of your hardware wallet.